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Kolkata's Groundbreaking Underwater Metro Tunnel Set for Completion by 2023
Kolkata is on the verge of achieving a remarkable technological feat with the completion of India's first underwater metro tunnel by 2023. The tunnel, part of the Kolkata East-West Metro line, will link Howrah and Kolkata, significantly reducing travel time and costs for commuters. Spanning 520 meters under the Hooghly River, this project represents a huge leap in India’s transportation infrastructure.
The science behind calcium carbonate and ocean acidification
As a blogger, I've been researching the science behind calcium carbonate and ocean acidification, and it's fascinating! Ocean acidification occurs when carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves into seawater, forming carbonic acid which then breaks down into bicarbonate ions, releasing hydrogen ions and increasing the ocean's acidity. This increase in acidity can have detrimental effects on marine life, particularly organisms that rely on calcium carbonate to build their shells or skeletons, like corals, mollusks, and some plankton species. Calcium carbonate is essential for these organisms, as it provides stability and protection, but ocean acidification reduces the availability of carbonate ions, making it more challenging for these creatures to build and maintain their structures. It's crucial that we continue to study and address the effects of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems to better understand and protect our ocean's biodiversity.
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